58 WORM off-tenant log archive

Audit logs that live where the tenant's own admins can reach them — the Admin console, the BigQuery export (31 Audit-log export to SIEM/BigQuery) — are still deletable by whoever administers that surface, and that is often the same super admin the logs are evidence against. This control lands a second copy in a Cloud Storage bucket with a LOCKED Bucket Lock retention policy, in a project whose IAM is separate from the Workspace super admins being audited. Locked means write-once: the retention period cannot be shortened and objects cannot be deleted before it expires. The lock only places a lien against deleting the project, though — anyone who can remove liens (included in roles/owner) can delete the whole project, bucket and all, which is why the IAM split below is load-bearing. The source is Workspace data sharing with Google Cloud, which places the audit logs in Cloud Logging at the organization level; the BigQuery export is a separate pipe that never passes through Cloud Logging.

Documentation: Audit logs for Google Workspace ↗

Caveats

Bucket Lock is irreversible¹
The control fails if the same super admin can delete both the tenant logs and the sink²
Expanded and late log events (Ent Std+) arrive with a delay³

Setup steps

Account › Account settings › Legal and compliance
Enable Google Workspace data sharing with Google Cloud, which places the Workspace audit logs in Cloud Logging at the ORGANIZATION level. This sharing — rather than the BigQuery export (№31), which never passes through Cloud Logging — is what feeds the archive.

Sharing options = Enabled (share Google Workspace data with Google Cloud services; super admin only)

Share data with Google Cloud services ↗
In GCP, create an ORG-LEVEL Cloud Logging sink into a GCS bucket dedicated to the archive — a project-level sink sees none of the organization-level Workspace audit logs. Do NOT pass --include-children: it would route every child project's Cloud Audit Logs into a bucket whose locked retention (next step) cannot be undone, and scope the filter to the Workspace log sources.
```
gcloud logging sinks create ws-audit-archive storage.googleapis.com/<archive-bucket> --organization=<ORG_ID> --log-filter='protoPayload.serviceName=("admin.googleapis.com" OR "login.googleapis.com" OR "cloudidentity.googleapis.com" OR "oauth2.googleapis.com")'
```
View and manage audit logs for Google Workspace ↗ Collate and route organization- and folder-level logs to supported destinations ↗
Apply a Bucket Lock retention policy to the bucket and LOCK it — an unlocked retention policy can simply be removed by the same attacker who owns the project.
```
gcloud storage buckets update gs://… --retention-period=94608000s (3 years)
gcloud storage buckets update gs://… --lock-retention-period
```
Bucket Lock ↗ Use and lock retention policies ↗
Split custody: the GCP project holding the locked bucket must not be administrable by the Workspace super-admins it is auditing.

Separate GCP org/project IAM; no shared identity

Ongoing maintenance

automatable: script Weekly: alert on sink export errors and on the bucket receiving no new objects.

How to verify

Confirm the retention policy is LOCKED (not merely set) and that objects are still arriving.

gcloud storage buckets describe gs://<archive-bucket> --format='default(retention_policy)'
gcloud storage ls -l --recursive gs://<archive-bucket> | tail -3

Attempt to delete a recent object with project-owner credentials — the locked policy must refuse it. The refusal is the control.

v0.1.3Assureedition All (expanded events: Ent Std+) policy #18 · #11 ↗